Now you see it, now you don’t. Douglas Clowe of Ohio University in Athens, Ohio, is reporting on new Hubble observations that do not find an unusually dense clump of dark matter in the universe that a different Hubble team reported on earlier this year.
These composite images, taken by two different teams using the Hubble Space Telescope, show different results concerning the amount of dark matter in the core of the merging galaxy cluster Abell 520.
Dark matter is an invisible form of matter that astronomers deduce is the underlying gravitational “glue” that holds galaxies together.
Top Image: Observations of the cluster, taken by D. Clowe with the Advanced Camera for Surveys, map the amount of dark matter in Abell 520. The map reveals an amount of dark matter astronomers expect based on the number of galaxies in the core. The dark-matter densities are marked in blue, and the dotted circle marks the dark-matter core. The map is superimposed onto visible-light images of the cluster.
Bottom Image: A second team, led by James Jee of the University of California, Davis, used the Wide Field Planetary Camera 2 and found an unusual overabundance of dark matter in the cluster’s core, denoted by the bright blue color at image center. The observation was surprising because astronomers expect that dark matter and galaxies should be anchored together, even during a collision between galaxy clusters.
This discrepancy between the two results requires further observation and analysis, say researchers.
The two dark-matter maps were made by detecting how light from distant objects is distorted by the galaxy clusters, an effect called gravitational lensing. Abell 520 is located 2.4 billion light-years away. Image Credit: [Top] NASA, ESA, and D. Clowe, (Ohio University); [Bottom] NASA, ESA, and J. Jee (University of California, Davis)
The region of interest lies at the center of a collision among massive galaxy clusters in Abell 520, located 2.4 billion light-years away. “The earlier result presented a mystery. But in our observations we didn’t see anything surprising in the core,” said Clowe. “Our measurements are in complete agreement with how we would expect dark matter to behave.”
Because dark matter is not visible, its presence and distribution is found indirectly through its gravitational effects. The gravity from both dark and luminous matter warps space, bending and distorting light from galaxies and clusters behind it like a giant magnifying glass. Astronomers can use this effect, called gravitational lensing, to infer the presence of dark matter in massive galaxy clusters.
Both teams used this technique to map the dark matter in the merging cluster. Clowe is encouraging other scientists to study the Hubble data and conduct their own analysis on the cluster.
More information about Clowe’s results.
Filed under: Deep Space
